Version refraction:
The next scientific experiment also depends of the wave nature of light. It too depends on refraction. What was neglected in the explanation for the oil bottle is that different wavelengths of light, which corresponds to different colours of light, are refracted by a different angle. The reasons for this are complicated, but it largely depends on how light interacts with material. The smaller the wavelength of light, the larger its energy. The entire process of refraction has to do with the interaction between light and the medium. The amount of direct interaction depends on how well the frequency of the light (inversely proportional to the wavelength) matches the eigenfrequency of the electrons. The video series about optics by 3Blue1Brown does a great job at explaining these general concepts visually. All of this means that if the angle of incidence is known, the wavelength of a certain light can be measured, by measuring the angle. Furthermore, while not used in this experience, this can also tell you something about white light. White light is a combination of many different wavelengths. A spectrometer can separate the individual wavelengths and therefore determine the exact combination. this combination is different for different sources of light, so these various sources can be told apart using a spectrometer. This is even used to analyse the atmosphere of exoplanets (planets outside of the solar system), since different substances that can be found in the atmosphere emit different wavelengths.
Version diffraction:
The next scientific experiment also depends of the wave nature of light. It too depends on diffraction. It is very similar to the diffraction disc pattern. The only difference is that this time, only a single slit is used. Nevertheless, there are still optical path differences present. However, whether there is constructive or destructive interference at a certain path difference depends on the wavelength of light. Therefore, the interference pattern will be different based on the wavelength, so the wavelength can be measured in a process called spectroscopy. All of this means that if the angle of incidence is known, the wavelength of a certain light can be measured, by measuring the angle. Furthermore, while not used in this experience, this can also tell you something about white light. White light is a combination of many different wavelengths. A spectrometer can separate the individual wavelengths and therefore determine the exact combination. this combination is different for different sources of light, so these various sources can be told apart using a spectrometer. This is even used to analyse the atmosphere of exoplanets (planets outside of the solar system), since different substances that can be found in the atmosphere emit different wavelengths.
(source: https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/minimisgenchem/chapter/emission-spectra-h-atom-levels-m7q3/)